Mula Duyan hanggang Libingan: Isang Chemist mula sa UP, Ipinaliwanag ang Papel ng Kimika sa mga Pandaigdigang Kasunduan

Mula Duyan hanggang Libingan: Isang Chemist mula sa UP, Ipinaliwanag ang Papel ng Kimika sa mga Pandaigdigang Kasunduan

Published: January 26, 2026
By: Eunice Jean C. Patron
Translated by: Yasmin Edañol, M.Sc.

Matagal nang sangkap ng kaunlaran ang kimika sa iba’t ibang larangan, mula sa agrikultura at pangangalagang pangkalusugan hanggang sa enerhiya at imprastruktura. Ang mga inobasyon nito ang nagtutulak sa paglago ng ekonomiya, nagpapabuti sa kalidad ng buhay, at tumutulong sa pagtugon sa mga pangunahing pangangailangang panlipunan. Gayunman, may dalawang mukha ang kimika. Maaari itong lumikha ng kapaki-pakinabang at mapaminsalang mga sangkap at magamit sa mabuti o masasamang layunin.

 

Binuo ang mga pandaigdigang kasunduan upang isaayos at kontrolin ang mapanganib na paggamit ng mga kemikal, biyolohikal, radyolohikal, at nukleyar (CBRN) na materyales. Mula sa 1925 Geneva Protocol, layunin ng mga kasunduang ito na pigilan ang maling paggamit ng mga mapanganib na sangkap habang pinahihintulutan ang kaunlarang pang-ekonomiya. Umusad ang pandaigdigang pagsisikap na ito sa Pilipinas noong Abril 2025, nang lagdaan ni Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. ang Republic Act 12174, o ang Chemical Weapons Act of the Philippines.

Chemistry’s dual nature—capable of producing both beneficial and harmful substances—means it can be used for both good and nefarious purposes. (Photo credit: Tima Miroshnichenko)

Sa ikalimang Innovation Impact Stories webinar ng UP Diliman College of Science Innovation Program, ipinaliwanag ni Dr. Emily Castriciones ng UPD-CS Institute of Chemistry ang papel ng kimika sa pagpapatupad ng Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Siya ay nagsisilbi ring Analytical Chemist Inspector ng Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Bagama’t matagal nang pinagtibay ng Pilipinas ang CWC, hindi ito ganap na naipatupad noon dahil sa kakulangan ng legal na balangkas.

 

“Bilang mga chemist, kasama natin ang isang kemikal mula simula hanggang wakas. Ikaw ang nagsasagawa ng synthesis at pagsusuri, mula sa hilaw na materyal hanggang sa tapos na produkto gaya ng gamot,, pati na ang wastong pagtatapon nito bilang basurang kemikal. Patuloy mo ring minamanmanan ang pag-iral nito sa mga daluyan ng basura at sa kapaligiran,” ani ni Dr. Castriciones. “Mula sa simula hanggang sa katapusan ng buhay ng isang kemikal, laging may chemist na kasangkot.”

 

“Iba’t iba rin ang gawain namin sa loob ng mga planta. Sa mga ahensya ng pamahalaan, kadalasan ay pagmamanman at regulasyon ang tungkulin. Ngunit huwag nating kaligtaan ang ating mga tagapagpatupad ng batas: ang Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency at ang PNP. Mayroon silang mga forensic laboratory, at sa pamamagitan ng aming proyekto kasama ang DOST, nakikipagtulungan kami sa PNP forensic lab at sa Bureau of Fire Protection,” paliwanag niya. “At siyempre, mahalaga rin ang dokumentasyon at iba pang gawaing kaakibat nito.”

 

Mas naging pamilyar si Dr. Castriciones sa kasunduan sa pamamagitan ng kanyang paglilingkod bilang teknikal na konsultant para sa CWC sa panahon ng pagbabalangkas ng RA 12174. Nagsilbi rin siya bilang tagapagsalita (resource person) sa mga pagpupulong ng technical working group at sa mga konsultasyon sa mga stakeholder na inorganisa ng Senate Committee at ng Anti-Terrorism Council. Ang mga ito ay nagsilbing Interim Philippine National Authority para sa CWC.

 

“Para sa matagumpay na pagpapatupad ng anumang pambansang batas, napakahalaga na kasangkot ang mga stakeholder, lalo na sa pagsusuri at pagbabalangkas ng implementing rules and regulations,” dagdagniya. “Itinataguyod ko ang tunay na pakikilahok ng buong lipunan—mula sa pamahalaan, industriya, akademya, at mga pribadong testing laboratory at mga institusyong pananaliksik.”

 

Ayon pa kay Dr. Castriciones, makatutulong ang mga siyentipiko sa pagpapalakas ng kaalaman at teknikal na kakayahan ng mga sangay ng pamahalaan. Sa pamamagitan ng mga proyektong pinagsama ng akademya at pamahalaan, maaari rin silang magsagawa ng pananaliksik na may agarang pakinabang para sa pambansang seguridad.

 

Ang Innovation Impact Stories ay isang serye ng webinar na nagpapakita kung paano nagdudulot ang agham, teknolohiya, at inobasyon ng tunay na pakinabang sa lipunan. Itinatampok ng programang ito ang mga kuwento, hamon, at tagumpay sa likod ng mga inobasyong nakabatay sa pananaliksik na may makabuluhang ambag sa iba’t ibang larangan. Layunin nitong magbigay-kaalaman at magbigay-inspirasyon sa mga mag-aaral, mananaliksik, at guro. Panghuli, layon nitong isulong ang kolaboratibong inobasyon na nag-uugnay sa teorya at praktika.

 

Para sa mga katanungan ukol sa Innovation Impact Stories, mangyaring magpadala ng mensahe sa cs.innovation_committee@science.upd.edu.ph

 

For interview requests and other concerns, please contact media@science.upd.edu.ph.

“From Cradle To Grave”: UP Chemist Explains Chemistry’s Role in Global Treaties

“From Cradle To Grave”: UP Chemist Explains Chemistry’s Role in Global Treaties

Published: January 20, 2026
By: Eunice Jean C. Patron

Chemistry has long driven progress in fields ranging from agriculture and healthcare to energy and infrastructure. Its innovations fuel economic growth, improve quality of life, and help countries meet their fundamental societal needs. Yet chemistry’s dual nature—capable of producing both beneficial and harmful substances—means it can be used for both good and nefarious purposes.

 

International agreements have been developed to regulate and control the harmful use of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) materials. Starting with the 1925 Geneva Protocol, these treaties aim to prevent the misuse of dangerous substances while allowing economic development. This global effort advanced in the Philippines in April 2025, when President Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. signed Republic Act 12174, or the Chemical Weapons Act of the Philippines.

 

Chemistry’s dual nature—capable of producing both beneficial and harmful substances—means it can be used for both good and nefarious purposes. (Photo credit: Tima Miroshnichenko)

During the fifth Innovation Impact Stories webinar of the University of the Philippines – Diliman College of Science (UPD-CS) Innovation Program, Dr. Emily Castriciones from the UPD-CS Institute of Chemistry—also an Analytical Chemist Inspector for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)—discussed chemistry’s role in implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which the Philippines had long ratified but could not fully enforce without a legal framework.

 

“As chemists, what we really do—if we think about it—is to be with a chemical from cradle to grave. You do the synthesis, you do the testing, whether it’s a raw material or a finished product like a drug, even up to its proper disposal as chemical waste, you are still monitoring its presence in the waste streams and in the environment ” Dr. Castriciones said during her talk. “From the cradle to the grave of a chemical, there is always a chemist involved.”

“Within the plant, there is a lot of work that we do as well. In government agencies, it’s mostly monitoring and regulatory, but let’s not forget our law enforcement—the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and PNP. They have forensic labs, and through our project with DOST, we are collaborating with the PNP forensic lab and the Bureau of Fire Protection,” she explained. “And of course, we can’t forget recordkeeping, documentation, and all the other essential work involved.”

 

Dr. Castriciones became more closely acquainted with the convention through serving as the technical consultant for the CWC during the drafting of the RA 12174 and by acting as a resource person in the technical working group meetings and stakeholder consultations organized by the Senate Committee and the Anti-Terrorism Council, which functioned as Interim Philippine National Authority for the CWC.

 

“For the successful implementation of any national law, I think it is very important that stakeholders are involved, especially in the review and drafting of the implementing rules and regulations,” she added. “I’m pushing for a truly all-of-society engagement—from the government, the industry, the academe, and private testing laboratories and research institutions.”

 

She also shared that scientists can help strengthen the knowledge and technical capabilities of government agencies and conduct meaningful research on areas with immediate applications for national security through academic-government cooperative projects.

 

Innovation Impact Stories is a webinar series that explores how science, technology, and innovation drive real-world impact. This initiative highlights the journeys, challenges, and successes behind research-driven innovations that have made meaningful contributions across various fields. It aims to inform and inspire students, researchers, and faculty to foster a culture of purposeful and collaborative innovation that bridges academic theory with practical application.

 

For inquiries about Innovation Impact Stories, please message cs.innovation_committee@science.upd.edu.ph

 

For interview requests and other concerns, please contact media@science.upd.edu.ph.

The OADAA is looking for a Student Assistant!

The OADAA is looking for a Graduate Assistant!

The College of Science Office of the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (OADAA) is looking for a Graduate Assistant (GA) proficient in administrative work for the 2nd Sem of AY 2025-2026! 🧑🏽‍💻
 
Interested?
Submit all the necessary requirements through email to csgrad@science.upd.edu.ph with the following subject line: LASTNAME_Firstname_OADAA-GA-Application
Qualifications:
– Must be a bona fide graduate student and enrolled during the 2nd semester of AY 2025-2026
– Must be of good academic standing as of the first semester of AY 2025-2026
– Must not be enrolled in more than 9 units during this second semester
– Must not have any pending disciplinary cases in the University
– Proficient in MS Word and Excel (or similar programs)
 
Requirements:
– Letter of intent (include reason for applying)
– Recommendation from a former professor
– For non-College of Science applicants, updated True Copy of grades (TCG)
 
Deadline of applications on January 23, 2026 (Friday)

The OCS is looking for a Student Assistant!

The OCS is looking for a Student Assistant!

The College of Science Office of the College Secretary (OCS) is looking for a Student Assistant (SA) to assist with administrative work for the 2nd Sem of AY 2025-2026! 🧑🏽‍💻
 
Interested?
Submit all the necessary requirements through email to ocs@science.upd.edu.ph with the following subject line: LastName_OCS-StudentAssistant_Application
Qualifications:
– Must be a bona fide undergraduate student of the College of Science and enrolled during the 2nd semester of AY 2025-2026
– Must not be enrolled in more than the maximum load allowed by their degree program (as indicated in their curriculum checklist) during the semester/trimester of appointment.
– Must be in good scholastic standing
– Must not have any pending disciplinary cases in the University
– For students below 18 years old, must secure written consent from a parent or guardian
– Responsible and must be aware of time management
 
Requirements:
– Resume
– TCG (latest copy)
– Latest Form 5 (2nd Sem AY 2025-2026)
 
Deadline of applications on January 30, 2026 (Friday)

The OADSPA is looking for a Student Assistant!

The OADSPA is looking for a Student Assistant!

The College of Science Office of the Associate Dean for Student and Public Affairs (OADSPA) is looking for a Student Assistant (SA) proficient in science writing and administrative work for the 2nd Sem of AY 2025-2026! 🧑🏽‍💻
 
Interested? Please refer to the details below and fill out this form: bit.ly/OADSAPA_SA
Qualifications:
– Must be a bona fide undergraduate student of the College of Science and enrolled during the 2nd semester of AY 2025-2026
– Must be enrolled in at least 12 units and not more than 18 units during the semester of appointment
– Must not have any pending disciplinary cases in the University
– For students below 18 years old, must secure written consent from a parent or guardian
– Responsible and must be aware of time management
 
Requirements:
– Curriculum Vitae (CV)
– Copy of latest registration form (Form 5) for 2nd Sem AY 2025-2026
– Copy of the previous semester’s grades
– Accomplished Application Form
 
Deadline of applications on January 30, 2026 (Friday)

Registration Period (2nd Semester AY 2025-2026) Important Dates

Registration Period (2nd Semester AY 2025-2026) Important Dates

January 9-27:
Departmental Waitlisting Period
 
January 14:
Start of Registration of First Year, Varsity, HASPAG, PWDs, Graduating, and Graduate Students
 
January 15:
Start of Registration of all Other Regular Students
 
January 16:
Start of Registration of All Other Students including Cross-Registrant Non-degree/Special/Foreign Exchange Students
 
January 16:
Last Day of Withdrawal of Enlistment for 2nd Semester AY 2025-2026 (for those who will not pursue registration)
 
January 19:
START OF CLASSES for 2nd Semester AY 2025-2026
 
January 27:
Deadline of Change of Matriculation
 
For other pertinent information, please see: science.upd.edu.ph/undergraduate-student-guide

OCS and OADAA Announcement on Certification and TCG Fees

OCS and OADAA Announcements on Certification and TCG Fees

Please be advised that effective 01 January 2026, all certifications and TCGs issued by the Office of the College Secretary (OCS) and Office of the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (Graduate Office) of the College of Science shall be subject to a fee of Php 20.00 for each certification and True Copy of Grades (TCG).

 

 

Please see the OCS and OADAA Join Memorandum No. MCMO-MJCL 25-01 attached below:

OCS AND OADAA JOINT MEMORANDUM NO. MCMO-MJCL 25-01

Pagbabago sa Lakas at Galaw ng Bagyo Bago Tumama sa Pilipinas, Pinag-aralan ng mga UP Scientists

Pagbabago sa Lakas at Galaw ng Bagyo Bago Tumama sa Pilipinas, Pinag-aralan ng mga UP Scientists

Published: December 26, 2025
By: Eunice Jean C. Patron
Translated by: Dr. Eizadora T. Yu

Landfall distribution according to latitude. (Photo credit: Racoma & Bagtasa, 2025)

Bilang isa sa mga bansang may pinakamaraming bagyo sa mundo, mayroon tayong 45 taon ng datos ng tropical cyclones (TC) o bagyo sa Pilipinas na pwedeng suriin at makakuha ng mahahalagang kaalaman tungkol sa pag-uugali ng mga bagyo habang papalapit at tumama o mag-landfall sa bansa.

 

Pinag-aralan nina Dr. Bernard Alan Racoma at Dr. Gerry Bagtasa ng UP Diliman College of Science – Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology (UPD-CS IESM) ang 372 TCs na nag-landfall mula 1979 hanggang 2024. Natukoy nila ang mga pattern na nagpapakita ng mga operasyonal na hamon at ng pangangailangan para sa mas mahusay na paghahanda.

 

“Mas malalakas pero mabagal ang mga bagyong tumatama sa hilagang bahagi ng bansa. Ang mga bagyo naman sa timog ay mabilis na sa simula at patuloy pa ang rapid acceleration habang papalapit,” paliwanag ni Dr. Racoma. “May implikasyon ito sa uri ng panganib na dala nila.”

 

Ang mabilis at biglang bumibilis na bagyo sa Visayas at Mindanao ay nagbibigay ng mas kaunting oras para makapaghanda ang mga komunidad. Samantala, ang mas malakas ngunit mabagal na bagyo sa Luzon ay mas nagdudulot ng matagalang pagbaha at landslide.

 

Bagama’t madalas manatili ang TCs sa loob ng Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) nang ilang araw, natuklasan ng mga meteorologist na maikli lamang ang direktang pagdaan ng mga ito sa mismong baybayin ng Pilipinas—karaniwang 21 oras bago tuluyang pumasok sa lupa o lumihis.

 

“Base sa geometry o hugis, medyo balingkinitan ang Pilipinas: mas pahaba ang bansa sa direksyong hilaga-timog kaysa silangan-kanluran. Dahil karaniwang kumikilos ang TCs mula silangan papuntang kanluran, mas mabilis nilang nalalampasan ang mas maikling path na ito,” paliwanag ni Dr. Racoma. “Isa pang maaaring paliwanag kung bakit maikli lang ang paglagi ng mga bagyo sa baybayin ay ang pagkawala o paglayo ng bagyo ng pinagkukunan nito ng enerhiya—ang maligamgam na dagat. Kumukuha ng lakas ang bagyo mula sa dagat, at hindi nila gusto ang manatili sa lupa.”

 

Binibigyang-diin ng mga meteorologist na ang pag-unawa sa oras at pagbabago sa lakas ng mga bagyo ay susi sa pagbabawas ng pinsala. Iminumungkahi nilang seryosohin ang anumang bagyong umuusbong at bantayan agad kapag pumasok o nabuo sa loob ng PAR. “Napakabilis ng rapid intensification—karaniwang nangyayari sa loob ng 24 oras. Hindi pa natin ito lubos na nauunawaan; kahit mahihinang bagyo ay puwedeng biglang lumakas. Dapat iwasan nating hintayin pang lumakas ang bagyo bago maghanda. Kalahati ng bagyong pumapasok o nabubuo sa PAR ay tumatama sa lupa, at kadalasan dito nagaganap ang rapid intensification,” paalala ni Dr. Racoma.

 

Ang pag-aaral na “Characteristics and Near-Landfall Behavior of Tropical Cyclones Affecting the Philippines (1979–2024)” ay inilathala sa Tropical Cyclone Research and Review, isang journal na nakatuon sa pagmo-monitor, pag-forecast, at pananaliksik ukol sa tropical cyclones at ang kanilang epekto sa disaster risk reduction. Sinuportahan ang pag-aaral ng UPD Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development at DOST–PCIEERD.

 

References:

Racoma, B. A., & Bagtasa, G. (2025). Characteristics and near-landfall behavior of tropical cyclones affecting the Philippines (1979–2024). Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcrr.2025.11.004

 

For interview requests and other concerns, please contact media@science.upd.edu.ph.

UP Meteorologists Study How Storms Evolve Near PH Coasts, Highlighting Urgent Preparedness Needs

UP Meteorologists Study How Storms Evolve Near PH Coasts, Highlighting Urgent Preparedness Needs

Published: December 26, 2025
By: Eunice Jean C. Patron

Landfall distribution according to latitude. (Photo credit: Racoma & Bagtasa, 2025)

An analysis of 45 years’ worth of Philippine tropical cyclone (TC) data reveals insights into how storms behave as they approach and make landfall in the country—considered as one of the world’s most cyclone-prone regions.

 

Drs. Bernard Alan Racoma and Gerry Bagtasa of the University of the Philippines – Diliman College of Science’s Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology (UPD-CS IESM) examined 372 landfalling TCs from 1979 to 2024 and showed patterns that highlight operational challenges and the need for better preparedness.

 

“Storms that hit the northern part of the country tend to be stronger but slower moving. Southern storms tend to be faster and accelerate more rapidly,” Dr. Racoma explained in an interview. “This has implications on the kinds of hazards these storms may bring.”

 

Fast-moving and rapidly accelerating storms in the Visayas and Mindanao give communities limited time to prepare, whereas the stronger yet slower-moving storms affecting Luzon heighten the risk of prolonged flooding and landslides.

 

Although TCs often stay inside the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) for several days, the meteorologists found that their direct presence along the Philippine coasts is brief—averaging only 21 hours before moving inland or away.

 

“In terms of geometry, medyo balingkinitan ang Pilipinas: mas pahaba ang bansa north-south, kumpara sa east-west. Since TCs usually move from east to west, they tend to cross this shorter path faster,” Dr. Racoma said, pointing out the contributing factors. “Another possible explanation is because of the loss of the fuel source—the warm ocean. TCs draw their energy from the sea, and they typically don’t like staying over land.”

 

The meteorologists emphasize that understanding both the timing and intensity evolution of the storms is key to reducing disaster risk. They recommend that communities treat all developing storms seriously, and to monitor when TCs enter or form within PAR. “Rapid intensification occurs very fast—typically within 24 hours. We don’t yet fully understand it; even weak storms can intensify quickly. We should avoid waiting for a storm to intensify before preparing. Half of TCs that form or enter the PAR make landfall, and usually rapid intensification occurs within this region,” Dr. Racoma noted.

 

“Characteristics and Near-Landfall Behavior of Tropical Cyclones Affecting the Philippines (1979–2024)” was published in Tropical Cyclone Research and Review, a journal focusing on tropical cyclone monitoring, forecasting, research, and their related impacts on disaster risk reduction. The study was supported by the UPD Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development and the Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development.

 

References:

Racoma, B. A., & Bagtasa, G. (2025). Characteristics and near-landfall behavior of tropical cyclones affecting the Philippines (1979–2024). Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcrr.2025.11.004

 

For interview requests and other concerns, please contact media@science.upd.edu.ph.

Mga mananaliksik nakatuklas ng mga bagong jellyfish species sa mga dagat ng Pilipinas

Mga mananaliksik nakatuklas ng mga bagong jellyfish species sa mga dagat ng Pilipinas

Published: December 22, 2025
By: Eunice Jean C. Patron
Translated by: Dr. Ian Kendrich Fontanilla

Ang Pilipinas, na matatagpuan sa loob ng Coral Triangle, ay kinikilala bilang isa sa pinakamayamang marine ecosystem sa mundo. Gayunpaman, maraming mga marine species—gaya ng carybdeid box jellyfish na isang uri ng dikya—ay nananatiling hindi naidokumento. Ang taglay nilang potent venom at ecological significance ay nagbibigay-diin sa kahalagahan ng pagsasagawa ng tamang pag-aaral sa taxonomy ng mga box jellyfish.

 

Alatina alata. (Photo credit: Boco et al., 2025)

Naidokumento ng mga marine researcher ang ilang bagong naitalang box jellyfish species sa Pilipinas, na nagdudulot ng mahalagang kontribusyon sa lumalaking database ng marine biodiversity ng bansa. Ang grupo ng mga mananaliksik ay binubuo nina Dr. Sheldon Rey Boco at Christine Gloria Grace Capidos ng The Philippine Jellyfish Stings Project; Russel Christine Corcino at Dr. Lemnuel Aragones ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas – Diliman College of Science’s Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology (UPD-CS IESM); Dr. Phuping Sucharitakul ng Batavia Coast Maritime Institute sa Western Australia; Ram Yoro ng RY Photography; Dennis Corpuz ng Anilao Critters Studio; at Scott Tuason ng Squires Sports Philippines.

 

“Bakit pa ba sila dapat pag-aralan? May tatlong dahilan,” sabi ni Dr. Boco. “Una, bahagi sila ng marine food chain, at ang kanilang presensya o kawalan ay maaaring magpahiwatig ng tunay na kalagayan ng mga marine ecosystem. Pangalawa, kumakain sila ng mas maliliit na nilalang at pagkain naman sila ng mga mas malalaking nilalang, na tumutulong na pagpapanatili ng kaayusan sa lahat. At ikatlo, maraming carybdeid ang may potent venom na maaaring magpadala sa ospital ang sinumang matamaan. Ang pagtuklas kung paano gumagana ang venom ay maaaring makatulong sa paglapat ng sapat na gamot at makaligtas ng buhay balang araw.”

 

Pinagsama ng grupo ang in situ (on-site) na mga obserbasyon, gamit ang high-resolution na underwater photography at videography, kasama ng citizen science initiatives na na-verify sa pamamagitan ng digital authentication. Lalong pinaigting ng mga kontribusyon mula sa mga citizen scientist ang dokumentasyon ng grupo sa mga bagong naitalang box jellyfish species.

 

Kabilang sa mga kapansin-pansing natuklasan ay ang mga unang tala sa Pilipinas ng Alatina alata, Carybdea cuboides, Malo sp., at Morbakka virulenta. Kinumpirma rin ng mga mananaliksik ang mga bagong rekord para sa Copula sivickisi at Malo filipina. Ang mga bagong tuklas na ito ay nagpapahusay sa ating pag-unawa sa kung saan matatagpuan ang carybdeid box jellyfish—marami sa mga ito ay maaaring maging sanhi ng Irukandji syndrome—at kung gaano kalawak ang kanilang distribution.

 

“Lubhang napakahirap ng pag-aaral ng mga carybdeid sa kanilang natural habitat, higit sa lahat dahil ang mga dikyang ito ay nakatira sa mga lugar na mahirap maabot. Karamihan sa mga species, tulad ng Philippine carybdeid Copula sivickisi, ay naninirahan malayo sa pampang nang hindi bababa sa 100 metro mula sa baybayin at sa lalim na 20 hanggang 30 metro,“ paliwanag ni Dr. Boco. Nakatuon ang grupo sa pagmamasid sa adult medusa stage—ang nakikitang anyo ng mga dikya.

 

Upang obserbahan at idokumento ang medusae sa pamamagitan ng in situ na mga obserbasyon gamit ang mga larawan at video na may mataas na resolution, nagsagawa ang mga marine researcher ng ilang blackwater dives sa open water mula 2017 hanggang 2021 at noong 2024. Nangangailangan ang night diving ng espesyal na scuba certification at maingat na paghahanda para sa bawat biyahe. Bago ang bawat pagsisid, nagplano sa logistics ang grupo, nagsuri ng panahon at mga agos ng tubig, nagkalkula ng supply ng hangin, at nagsuri ng mga safety protocol upang matiyak ang kaligtasan ng lahat ng sangkot.

 

“Nangalap din kami ng mga larawan at video mula sa mga recreational diver sa pamamagitan ng citizen science. Ang diskarte na ito ay nagdulot ng isang panibagong hamon: ang pagpapatunay na tunay ang mga imahe. Dahil sa artificial intelligence na ngayon ay may kakayahang lumikha ng mga mukhang totoo pero pekeng larawan ng dikya, itinuring namin ang bawat submission bilang ebidensya sa isang imbestigasyion,” dagdag ni Dr. Boco. Sinuri ng team ang metadata, pag-iilaw, kundisyon ng tubig, at mga anatomical detail sa mga larawan at video upang kumpirmahin ang pagiging tunay ng mga larawan. Binanggit ni Dr. Boco na ang pag-uuri ng mga totoong rekord mula sa mga potential forgery ay nangangailangan ng pasensya at oras, ngunit ang accuracy ay mahalaga para sa paggawa ng reliable research findings.

 

Morbakka virulenta. (Photo credit: Dennis Corpuz/Boco et al., 2025)

Plano ni Dr. Boco at ng kanyang grupo na gawing mas madali at mas mabilis ang citizen science. “Ang aming layunin ay upang mangalap ng high-quality jellyfish sightings na di masyadong nangangailangan ng maraming impormasyon, upang tumagal lang ng ilang segundo ang pag-uulat ng mga tao at di na kailangang sumagot ng pagkahaba-habang forms. Sa ganitong paraan, mas maraming kalahok ang maaaring mag-ambag nang mabilis, at makakakuha pa rin kami ng mga pangunahing data na kailangan para sa mas maayos na pananaliksik. Nais din naming mapabuti ang aming mga blackwater dives sa gabi,” sabi ni Dr. Boco. Higit pa sa mga obserbasyon, nilalayon ng mga marine researcher na magsagawa ng higit pang mga in situ na eksperimento sa panahon ng mga dive na ito upang mas marami pa ang malaman tungkol sa pag-uugali ng dikya, sa kanilang paggalaw, at mga kondisyon sa kapaligiran sa real time.

 

Inaasahan ng kanilang grupo na mahulaan kung saan maaaring lumitaw ang mga dikya ngayon at sa hinaharap, hindi lamang sa Pilipinas kundi pati na rin sa mga kalapit na karagatan.

 

Ang kanilang papel, na pinamagatang “New and first records of carybdeids including Irukandji box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa; Carybdeida) in the Coral Triangle (the Philippines),” ay inilathala sa Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, na sumasaklaw sa malawak na hanay ng mga locale, mula sa malalim na dagat hanggang sa mga kapaligiran sa baybayin at kasama rin ang marine at coastal biology, physics, at biology lalo na yaong may multidisciplinary work. Ang kanilang pag-aaral ay naambagan ng mga kontribusyon mula sa citizen science.

 

References:

Boco, S. R., Corcino, R. C., Capidos, C. G., Sucharitakul, P., Yoro, R., Corpuz, D., Tuason, S., & Aragones, L. V. (2025). New and first records of Carybdeids including Irukandji box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa; Carybdeida) in the coral triangle (the Philippines). Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-025-00970-9

 

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