Algal blooms, which occur when algae overgrow in bodies of water, can not only turn the water green but also kill fish and contaminate the water supply of nearby communities. Laguna Lake, one of Metro Manila’s major sources of bangus and tilapia, as well as drinking water, is particularly prone to algal blooms, especially during El Niño.

At extremely cold temperatures, things become fascinating. Much like how water turns into ice, some matter undergoes phase transitions that give them interesting properties. Just above absolute zero, for example, aluminum transforms into a superconductor, while helium isotopes change from gas to superfluid. A foundational principle, known as the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM), explains how these materials behave as they cool at different rates.

Excessive groundwater extraction, rapid urbanization, tectonic motion, and the natural compaction of sediments contribute to land subsidence worldwide. This issue is worsened by rising sea levels due to climate change, leading to frequent and severe flooding especially during high tides or typhoons, as well as local contexts of hazard management regulations.