The College of Science was established as a separate college in the University of the Philippines on 26 October 1983. Its primary mission is to contribute to the advancement of science and technology in the Philippines through the education of high-caliber scientists, the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge, and the provision of scientific and technical services. The College performs the following three main functions.

To provide international-quality graduate and undergraduate education in the natural and mathematical sciences.

To undertake basic and applied scientific research that are of high standards and national relevance.

To render technical extension services in support of national scientific and technological development.